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Invented in the early 1990s, the tomographic gamma scanner is used in the nondestructive assay of radioactive waste contained in drums or cans. In the last 10 years, TGS technology has been industrialized, with systems operating in South Korea, the United States and Europe. A new ASTM International test provides users with a means of streamlining TGS procedures and practices, and it will be…
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A revision to an important ASTM nanotechnology standard incorporates a large-scale interlaboratory study that took place in 2008. The revised standard, ASTM E2490 , Guide for Measurement of Particle Size Distribution of Nanomaterials in Suspension by Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (PCS), is under the jurisdiction of Subcommittee E56.02 on Characterization: Physical, Chemical and Toxicological…
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A workshop on the role of standards in the emerging field of nanotechnology will be held Oct. 8-9, 2008, at the National Institute of Standards and Technology near Washington, D.C. The workshop, "Enabling Standards for Nanomaterial Characterization," is being co-sponsored by the National Cancer Institute's Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, the National Institute of Standards and…
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The battle against cancer is being fought on many fronts. Among the most cutting-edge research efforts are attempts to engineer nanotechnology-based therapies. To aid in this endeavor, the Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, part of the National Cancer Institute’s Alliance for Nanotechnology in Cancer and the National Cancer Institute at Frederick, has developed methods for nanoparticle…, E2524, , Test Method for Analysis of Hemolytic Properties of Nanoparticles, -E2524 is a protocol for examining the destruction of red blood cells (hemolysis) that can lead to anemia, jaundice and other issues. All intravenously administered drugs must be examined to determine potential for hemolysis. • , E2525, , Test Method for Evaluation of the Effect of Nanoparticulate Materials on the Formation of Mouse Granulocyte-Macrophage Colonies, -E2525 describes a method for evaluating nanoparticle stimulation or inhibition of the maturation of certain bone marrow cells (macrophages). A common side effect of anti-cancer drugs is inhibition of this process, and bone marrow cells may be particularly sensitive to nano-scale material. • , E2526, , Test Method for Evaluation of Cytotoxicity of Nanoparticulate Materials on Porcine Kidney Cells and Human Hepatocarcinoma Cells, -Because studies have indicated that many nanoparticles are cleared from the body through the kidney or liver, these organs are good choices for target organ toxicity evaluation. E2526 presents a method for evaluation of nanomaterial toxicity by examining effects on kidney and cancerous liver cells. Martin Fritts is senior principal scientist at the Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory and…
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In response to requests from fuel producers around the world, ASTM International Committee C26 on Nuclear Fuel Cycle has developed a standard for using the total evaporation method to determine uranium or plutonium composition. The new standard, C 1672 , Test Method for Determination of Uranium or Plutonium Isotopic Composition or Concentration by the Total Evaporation Method Using a Thermal…
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Neutron absorbers have been used for criticality control in spent nuclear fuel pools and in spent fuel transportation casks for decades. However, since the late 1980s, as spent fuel storage pools have been filled, utilities have transferred spent fuel into dry dual-purpose (storage/transportation) canisters. The neutron absorbers used in dual-purpose canisters are subjected to different operating…
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ASTM International Committee C26 on Nuclear Fuel Cycle has recently published a new standard and has begun the development of a proposed new standard. Subcommittee C26.14 on Remote Systems is responsible for the newly approved standard, C 1661 , Guide for Viewing Systems for Remotely Operated Facilities, while Subcommittee C26.02 on Fuel and Fertile Material Specifications is currently at work on…, C 1661, Guide for Viewing Systems for Remotely Operated Facilities, A new ASTM International standard establishes minimum requirements for viewing systems for remotely operated facilities, including hot cells, used for the processing and handling of nuclear and radioactive materials. The standard, C 1661 , Guide for Viewing Systems for Remotely Operated Facilities, was developed by Subcommittee C26.14 on Remote Systems, which is part of ASTM International…, WK14330, Nuclear Fuel Pellet Physical Integrity Limits: Chips, Cracks, Defects, The quality of fuel pellets is currently an important topic being studied throughout the nuclear industry, with study groups such as the Electric Power Research Institute and Institute of Nuclear Power Operations examining the effect of pellet quality on the performance of nuclear fuel. ASTM International Committee C26 on Nuclear Fuel Cycle is addressing the topic of fuel pellets with a proposed…
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ASTM International Committee E56 on Nanotechnology has approved its first standard, E 2456 , Terminology for Nanotechnology. The new standard is under the jurisdiction of Subcommittee E56.01 on Terminology and Nomenclature. Because of the great need for a terminology document that is globally recognized and because of the cooperation of several organizations in making the document a reality,…
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ASTM International Committee C26 on Nuclear Fuel Cycle has approved two new standards, both under the jurisdiction of Subcommittee C26.05 on Methods of Test. All interested parties are invited to participate in the standards developing activities of Committee C26. ASTM International standards are available for purchase from Customer Service (phone: 610/832-9585; https://www.astm.org/contact )…, ASTM C 1637 , Test Method for the Determination of Impurities in Plutonium Metal: Acid Digestion and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS) Analysis, The approval of C 1637 is part of Subcommittee C26.05’s project involving the approach to keeping the analytical methodology used for determining specifications for nuclear materials up to date. This project began in 1990 when the subcommittee decided to develop separate standards from methods that were part of larger multi-methods materials specification standards. Once the new test methods…, ASTM C 1638 , Guide for the Determination of Iodine-129 in Uranium Oxide, Guide C 1638 covers the determination of iodine-129 in uranium oxide by gamma-ray spectrometry. Users may include U.S. Department of Energy sites that are dispositioning excess uranium to waste sites. Although there is no specification for the levels of I-129 in fuel, waste disposal sites may set limits due to the potential mobility of iodine in the environment. This guide may be used to ensure…
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Although ASTM International Committee E56 on Nanotechnology was just established this year, it has already begun an ambitious program of developing new standards. Committee E56 is currently developing the following proposed standards, which deal with environmental safety issues, hemolytic properties and particle size measurement. Interested parties are invited to participate in the development of…, WK8985, Guide for Handling Unbound Engineered Nanoparticles in Occupational Settings, Academic, government and industrial laboratories are currently performing nanotechnology research and development and the scope and breadth of this work is expected to grow dramatically. Manufacturing processes involving nanomaterials have begun and commercially available nano-based products have been introduced. All of this activity in the nanotechnology realm has created the need for the…, WK8997, Practice for Analysis of Hemolytic Properties of Nanoparticles, Subcommittee E56.02 on Characterization has begun working on proposed new standard WK8997, Practice for Analysis of Hemolytic Properties of Nanoparticles. This proposed standard would provide a suitable procedure for establishing the safety of nanoparticulate materials that will be used in vivo , such as nanoparticles for therapeutics and diagnostics. "Nanotechnology products will be used in…, For further technical information, contact Scott McNeil, director, Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Frederick, Md. (phone: 301/846-6939; mcneils@ncifcrf.gov )., WK8705, Measurement of Particle Size Distribution of Nanomaterials in Suspension by Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (PCS), Subcommittee E56.02 was formed to answer questions regarding characterization, such as size and shape of materials. Another proposed new standard under the jurisdiction of Subcommittee E56.02 is WK8705, Measurement of Particle Size Distribution of Nanomaterials in Suspension by Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (PCS), which deals with the vital issue of size characterization. The purpose of the…